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Cup Spy: A significant design deadline looms as strategies unfold with 18 months to racing.

by Richard Gladwell, Sail-World NZ 21 Feb 2023 05:01 PST 21 February 2023
INEOS Britannia - AC40 - Day 3 - Day 27, February 15, 2023 © Ugo Fonolla / America's Cup

Five of the six teams entered in the 2024 America's Cup are sailing, some with only one boat, others with two, and Emirates Team New Zealand with three.

With about 18 months left until the start of racing in August 2024, the various team strategies are unfolding and changing.

Some look to be on their anticipated timeline, others are behind where they should be.

For the first time in recent America's Cup history the teams are able to run multiple streams of boats, and strategies - which for competitive reasons, they are unwilling to make comment.

Looming fast is the approaching cut-off date for the teams to sign off on the final hull design for their AC75 race boat to be sailed in the 2024 America's Cup, and for which construction will start in March or maybe a month later.

In the technically complex AC75 Class, construction from the lofting of the first lines in the building facility, to launch is typically 12 months.

Working backwards from the start of the America's Cup Regatta in October 2024, and allowing six months for work-up, that points to a target launch date of April 2024. And again working backwards, we get a construction start in March/April 2023 for Challengers. Emirates Team New Zealand, have indicated they will start construction in "the second quarter of 2023".

For those not up to play with some of the lingo used in the 2024 America's Cup here's a quick guide on the meaning of the boat names/types and the strategies that are permitted with each:

1. AC40-One Design:

A 12 metre foiling monohull that approximates to a half scale AC75. It was designed by Emirates Team NZ as a progression of the 2021 Cup winner, Te Rehutai. It is the boat that will be sailed in the Youth and Womens America's Cups, and for some preliminary events by the AC sailing teams. Each team must have at least one AC40-OD. The boats are built by McConaghy Boats in China and are allocated to the teams on the basis of order of entry. The teams are allocated two consecutive building slots by order of entry, which they can take up or negotiate use of their second slot with a later entry, allowing that team to jump the building queue. Only AC40-OD components can be used on the One-Design class. If any new parts are introduced, the maiden AC-40, by definition, is no longer a one design and becomes a LEQ12.

Emirates Team NZ, Alinghi Red Bull Racing, INEOS Britannia have sailed AC40 One Designs to date. There is no information available as to when teams will take delivery of their AC-40's, and how many they will be getting.

2. LEQ12 (Less than or EQual to 12 metres):

A special test boat designed and built by the teams. There are no restrictions on this boat except that it must be less than 12 metres long, and there are restrictions on numbers of new parts - hulls (only one is allowed), foil arms, wing foils, wing flaps, rudders and rigs. Custom design LEQ12's built by Luna Rossa and INEOS Britannia are quite different from each other and the AC40 One Design. The British boat seems to have been designed as a test platform to capture sensor data and to trial new options - such as mainsail sheeting and jib sheeting, now self tacking jibs are allowed. The Italian boat is a lot closer to Emirates Team NZ's Cup winner, and also the AC40, but still has significant differences - for instance it can take six crew instead of the four on the AC40.

There are no restrictions with the use of an LEQ12 in training, however they will not able to be raced in AC40 competition. It is permitted for a team to sail its AC40 One Design against their LEQ12 - which Emirates Team New Zealand have already done. This enables a team to run a multi-phase program each day which can comprises match racing practice, performance testing with the LEQ12 against the AC-40 OD, and the usual speed and performance testing of the LEQ12 sailing alone running through a specific test script for the session, which in turn is part of a test-block following a boat upgrade period.

Emirates Team New Zealand, Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli, and INEOS Britannia have sailed LEQ12's to date.

3. AC75:

The AC75 is being used again in the 2024 America's Cup, but to Version 2 of the AC75 Class rule.The main differences from Version 1 to Version 2 are a reduction in total weight by about 700kgs, of which the reduction from 11 crew to eight on the V2 accounts for about 290kg.

Other changes include a small change in sail area, bigger wings, an increase in foil arm/wing foil depth (draft) by 200mm, removal of jib sheet winches and replacement with self-tacking jibs, removal of running backstays, removal of the bowsprit and Code Zero jib. Teams are allowed to use cyclists/leg power to pressurise hydraulic control systems instead of hand/arm powered grinding systems used in the 2021 Cup.

The repurposed AC75 offers teams the chance to test full-size AC75 Version 2 design options, rather than at half-scale. The teams can also sail an LEQ12 or AC40-OD (less likely) against their AC75, for contested two boat testing, with the LEQ12's being relatively close to the AC75 performance, according to the feedback from the AC37 Joint Recon teams.

In the 2021 America's Cup cycle, teams were allowed to build two AC75's (with restrictions on launch dates). Pre-COVID it was planned for the teams to race their first generation AC75's in two America's Cup World Series regattas. The information gained from that exercise would have been invaluable into the design of their second AC75 and raceboats. With the cancellation of the two ACWS events in 2020, the teams had to sign-off on their raceboat hull designs without the benefit of competitive race data from their first AC75's. For the build up into the 2021 America's Cup, all teams built half-scale (up to 12 Metres long) test boats, with varying degrees of success, and benefit.

Alinghi Red Bull Racing, American Magic and Emirates Team NZ have all sailed or will be sailing repurposed AC75's. Luna Rossa have not indicated whether they will sail their 2021 America's Cup challenger which tied the score at 3-3 after Day 3 of the 2021 America's Cup.

The teams are allowed to sail only one AC75 at a time, and Emirates Team NZ, for instance is not permitted to sail Te Rehutai, their 2021 America's Cup champion against their raceboat when it is launched. If new components are put onto the 2021, or Legacy AC75's, they come off the allowed "New Quantity" for their 2024 raceboat.

Teams, Times, Boats and Strategy:

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